Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals of all genders. However, in recent years, there has been a growing awareness that ADHD is often underdiagnosed in women. Historically, ADHD has been predominantly associated with boys and men, leading to a lack of recognition and understanding of how it manifests differently in women. We want to explore why ADHD in women is frequently overlooked, their unique challenges, and the importance of raising awareness about this hidden struggle.
Gender bias and stereotypes
One of the primary reasons for the underdiagnosis of ADHD in women lies in societal stereotypes and gender bias. ADHD is often seen as a hyperactive and disruptive condition, which aligns more closely with traditional male behaviours. Consequently, women with ADHD, who may present with different symptoms, tend to go unnoticed or misdiagnosed. Society’s expectations of women being organised, attentive, and quiet can lead to dismissing their struggles, further perpetuating gender bias.
Different symptom presentation
ADHD manifests differently in women than men, making it harder to recognise and diagnose. While boys typically display more externalised symptoms like hyperactivity and impulsivity, girls and women often exhibit internalised symptoms such as daydreaming, inattentiveness, and organisational difficulties. These symptoms are often attributed to personality traits or mood disorders, masking the underlying ADHD. The absence of hyperactivity can lead to the misconception that ADHD is solely a male disorder.
Masking and coping mechanisms
Women with ADHD are masters of camouflage. They develop coping mechanisms and strategies to mask their symptoms, often at the expense of their mental health and well-being. These individuals may work tirelessly to meet societal expectations, overcompensating for their challenges. Consequently, their struggles are not apparent to others, including healthcare professionals. The ability to compensate and succeed academically or professionally can further undermine the recognition and diagnosis of ADHD.
Comorbidity with other conditions
ADHD often coexists with other mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or eating disorders. Women are more likely to experience these comorbidities, which can overshadow the primary ADHD symptoms. Healthcare professionals may focus on treating these accompanying conditions rather than recognising the underlying ADHD. This, unfortunately can result in a fragmented understanding of the individual’s mental health and delay proper diagnosis.
Lack of awareness and education
The lack of awareness and education about ADHD in women contributes to the underdiagnosis. Both healthcare professionals and the general public may have limited knowledge about the unique manifestations of ADHD in females. This knowledge gap can lead to misinterpretation of symptoms, misdiagnosis, or simply overlooking ADHD as a potential explanation for the challenges faced by women.
Moving forward
Recognising and addressing the underdiagnosis of ADHD in women is crucial for their well-being and quality of life. It requires a shift in societal perceptions, challenging gender stereotypes, and increasing awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public. By understanding the unique manifestations of ADHD in women and providing appropriate support and resources, we can empower them to overcome the hidden struggles and reach their full potential. Let us work together to ensure that no woman with ADHD goes undiagnosed or unsupported in her journey towards a fulfilling life.
Support resources
ADHD Adult UK- registered charity and support line
